II. Specific provisions
C. Search
Article 23
(1) Should the International Criminal Court or an International Tribunal request a search for arrest or should the Liechtenstein authorities learn otherwise of an order for arrest from the Court or Tribunal, the princely court shall seek the arrest of the person for the purpose of surrender to the International Criminal Court or International Tribunal if the request or order for arrest contains the necessary details about the person sought and the alleged offence. Referral to the court competent pursuant to Article 27(1) of the law on judicial assistance is not required if the person sought is not a Liechtenstein national or if there is no reason to believe that the person is in Liechtenstein.
(2) Should a person sought by the International Criminal Court or International Tribunal be searched for or arrested in Liechtenstein, the Ministry of Justice shall inform the Court or Tribunal thereof through the International Criminal Police Organisation (INTERPOL).
D. Custody pending surrender, surrender and transit
Article 24
Offer of surrender
(1) Provided there are sufficient grounds to suspect a person thought to be in Liechtenstein of a crime within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court or an International Tribunal, the public prosecutor, after the person has been questioned by the judge of the princely court, shall apply to the latter for a report outlining the facts of the case to be submitted to the Ministry of Justice.
(2) The Ministry of Justice shall enquire whether the International Criminal Court or International Tribunal requires the proceedings to be transferred and the person to be surrendered. If the accused person is in custody, an appropriate deadline will be set for receipt of the request for surrender. Should the latter not arrive in time, the princely court should be informed promptly thereof.
(3) The above is without prejudice to the provisions concerning the offer of surrender to the State in which the crime was committed pursuant to paragraph 28(a) of the law on judicial assistance.
Article 25
Provisional custody pending surrender
(1) In the event of a request from the International Criminal Court or an International Tribunal for provisional arrest, on application by the public prosecutor, the judge of the princely court shall order the arrest of the person sought and order provisional custody pending surrender if, on the basis of the facts of the case as reported by the International Criminal Court or International Tribunal, there are sufficient grounds to believe that the person to be found in Liechtenstein committed a crime within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court or International Tribunal which would warrant pre-trial custody (paragraph 131 of the Code of Criminal Procedure) had the crime been committed in Liechtenstein.
(2) Provisional custody pending surrender may not be ordered or continued when the purposes of custody can be achieved through concurrent imprisonment, pre-trial custody or custody pending extradition. In such a case the Judge of the princely court shall order the amendments to the custodial order which, for the purposes of provisional custody pending surrender, are essential to the International Criminal Court or International Tribunal. In other respects, provisional custody pending surrender shall be subject to the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure governing pre-trial custody.
(3) Provisional custody pending surrender may be suspended if the request for surrender and the supporting material are not transmitted within 60 days of the arrest. Release does not preclude renewed arrest and surrender should the request for surrender and the supporting material be transmitted at a later time.
(4) The princely court shall promptly transmit to the Ministry of Justice copies of the orders for the imposition, extension or suspension of provisional custody pending surrender for the purpose of informing the International Criminal Court or International Tribunal through the International Criminal Police Organisation (INTERPOL).
Article 26
Simplified surrender to the International Criminal Court
(1) Should a person being held in provisional custody pending surrender on the basis of a request from the International Criminal Court pursuant to Article 25(1) above agree to surrender to the International Criminal Court before the end of the time period in Article 25(3), the princely court shall order the person’s surrender, without prejudice to a challenge of admissibility pursuant to Article 5(2) above. In such a case the person shall be surrendered to the International Criminal Court as soon as possible.
(2) The judge of the princely court shall inform the person that his or her consent cannot be revoked. The judge’s instruction shall be noted in the record.
(3) In the event of simplified surrender there is no need for the International Criminal Court to send a request for surrender and supporting material.
Custody pending surrender and orders for surrender
Article 27
(a) at the request of the International Criminal Court
(1) In the event of a request for the arrest and surrender of an accused person from the International Criminal Court, on application by the public prosecutor, the judge of the princely court shall initiate the surrender procedure and order the arrest of the accused person, his or her custody pending surrender and, in accordance with the following paragraphs, his or her surrender to the International Criminal Court. The judge of the princely court shall not have competence to consider the allegations giving rise to the arrest warrant or the grounds therefor.
(2) Should there be significant doubts as to the identity of the person arrested, the judge of the princely court shall order appropriate investigations or ask the International Criminal Court to submit additional information. In any event, the judge of the princely court shall inform the accused person of the grounds of the warrant of arrest issued against him or her by the International Criminal Court and about his or her rights to challenge the surrender on account of a violation of the principle of “ne bis in idem” in article 20 of the Rome Statute or of a lack of jurisdiction on the part of the International Criminal Court pursuant to articles 17 to 19 of the Rome Statute. In addition, the person shall be informed of his or her right, pending a surrender order, to apply for interim release. The accused person shall be provided with copies (photocopies) of the arrest warrant or of the relevant allegations and provisions of the Rome Statute together with the translations of them provided by the International Criminal Court.
(3) Should the accused person wish to challenge the surrender on account of a violation of article 20 of the Rome Statute or a lack of jurisdiction on the part of the International Criminal Court, the International Criminal Court shall be informed thereof and be provided with the requisite documents. Concurrently the Court shall be notified of whether the challenge has a suspensive effect.
(4) The decision on surrender shall be deferred only in the event of a challenge of admissibility pursuant to Article 5(2) above until the decision by the International Criminal Court. In the event of a challenge of jurisdiction pursuant to articles 17 to 19 of the Rome Statute by a third country, the procedure in Article 30 below shall apply.
(5) Until surrender is ordered the accused person has the right to apply for interim release. When deciding on such an application it shall be ascertained whether there are urgent and exceptional circumstances which justify interim release and whether the purpose of detention may be achieved by more lenient means (paragraph 131(5) of the Code of Criminal Procedure) regardless of the gravity of the alleged crimes. Such an application shall have no suspensive effect.
(6) An application pursuant to paragraph 5 shall be notified to the International Criminal Court, indicating that it has the right to submit a recommendation within seven days. The recommendation shall be taken into consideration in the decision on the application for release.
(7) Should the International Criminal Court in its recommendation or the public prosecutor plead against the release of the accused person, the President of the Court of Appeal shall promptly decide on the application in a custody hearing.
(8) A decision dismissing the application for interim release by the accused person may be appealed against by the latter within three days before the Court of Appeal. Such an appeal shall have no suspensive effect.
(9) Orders into custody pending surrender and orders for surrender may be appealed against solely pursuant to Article 15 of the Law on the Constitutional Court. The order initiating the surrender process is not open to appeal.
II. Specific provisions
D. Custody pending surrender, surrender and transit
Article 29
Transfer to the International Criminal Court or International Tribunal
(1) Once the order for surrender to the International Criminal Court or International Tribunal is enforceable, the judge of the princely court shall instruct the national police to promptly transfer the person to be surrendered to the International Criminal Court or International Tribunal. Unless there are serious security concerns or the Court or Tribunal seeks another form of delivery, the person to be surrendered shall be conveyed by air under the escort of Liechtenstein officials.
(2) The time of surrender shall be agreed with the International Criminal Court. Should circumstances prevent the transfer of the person to be surrendered, a new time will be agreed for the surrender.
(3) The time of surrender to the International Tribunal shall be notified to it and to the Netherlands authorities in due time by the national police, and include a reference to the time-limit on custody pursuant to Article 28(4) above.
(4) The judge of the princely court shall submit a copy of the order for surrender to the Ministry of Justice for onward transmission to the International Criminal Court or International Tribunal and also inform it of the time of the transfer to the latter.
Article 30
Provisional transfer to the International Criminal Court and repeal of the order for surrender
(1) In the event of criminal proceedings against the accused person in Liechtenstein or if the latter is serving a sentence in Liechtenstein for matters other than those for which surrender to the International Criminal Court was ordered, the person may be transferred provisionally to the International Criminal Court under conditions to be agreed on with it.
(2) The judge of the princely court shall promptly suspend custody pending surrender and repeal the order for surrender if:
(1) the International Criminal Court so requests or otherwise revokes its request for surrender;
(2) it is ascertained that in all likelihood the person arrested is not the person sought; or
(3) the International Criminal Court determines its lack of jurisdiction or the inadmissibility of the proceedings before it.
Article 31
Competing requests from the International Criminal Court and a State
(1) Should the Principality of Liechtenstein receive a request for surrender from the International Criminal Court and a request for extradition from another State in respect of the same person, the Ministry of Justice shall decide which request is given priority pursuant to article 90 of the Rome Statute.
(2) Should the Ministry of Justice give priority to a request for extradition from another State over a request for surrender from the International Criminal Court and the request for extradition is subsequently rejected or withdrawn, the International Criminal Court shall be notified of this without delay.
Article 32
Speciality of surrender to the International Criminal Court
(1) A person surrendered to the International Criminal Court pursuant to this law may not be prosecuted, taken into custody or sentenced for any act committed prior to transfer other than that for which he or she is being surrendered.
(2) At the request of the International Criminal Court the person may be released from the restrictions in paragraph 1. Prior to a decision in respect of such a request, the International Criminal Court may be requested to transmit a record regarding the statements of the person surrendered and additional information.
(3) The decision on such a request shall be taken by the Ministry of Justice. Release from the said restrictions shall be granted if the offence in respect of which the request is made falls within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court and there are no grounds for challenging the admissibility of proceedings before the International Criminal Court pursuant to Article 5(2) above.
Article 33
Transit and transport
(1) At the request of the International Criminal Court, persons may be transported through Liechtenstein and held in custody to secure such transit.
(2) There is no need to apply for authorisation where the person is conveyed by air and no landing is scheduled on Liechtenstein territory.
(3) In the event of an unscheduled landing, the person in transit shall be arrested and the International Criminal Court shall be requested to transmit a request for transit together with the documents referred to in article 89(3)(b) of the Rome Statute.
(4) The person in transit shall be released if the request for transit has not been received within 96 hours. Such release shall not preclude a renewed arrest on the basis of a request pursuant to Article 25(1) or 27(1) above.
(5) The decision on transit shall be taken by the Ministry of Justice. Such transit shall be approved unless it would impede or delay surrender. A domestic conviction for a criminal offence not within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court shall not prevent transit. The authorisation of transit is not open to appeal.
(6) Paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 5 shall apply at the request of the International Criminal Court or of a State that has agreed to enforce a sentence passed by the Court for the transit of persons through the territory of the Principality of Liechtenstein on the understanding that the International Criminal Court will be requested to transmit a request for transit together with a copy of the enforceable judgement in the event of an unscheduled landing.
(7) Requests for transit from an International Tribunal or a State which has agreed to enforce a sentence passed by the Tribunal, shall be subject mutatis mutandis to paragraph 1 and to the first and fourth sentences of paragraph 5 above.
(a) The Court shall have the authority to make requests to States Parties for cooperation. The requests shall be transmitted through the diplomatic channel or any other appropriate channel as may be designated by each State Party upon ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. Subsequent changes to the designation shall be made by each State Party in accordance with the Rules of Procedure and Evidence.
(b) When appropriate, without prejudice to the provisions of subparagraph (a), requests may also be transmitted through the International Criminal Police Organization or any appropriate regional organization.
2. Requests for cooperation and any documents supporting the request shall either be in or be accompanied by a translation into an official language of the requested State or one of the working languages of the Court, in accordance with the choice made by that State upon ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. Subsequent changes to this choice shall be made in accordance with the Rules of Procedure and Evidence.
3. The requested State shall keep confidential a request for cooperation and any documents supporting the request, except to the extent that the disclosure is necessary for execution of the request.
4. In relation to any request for assistance presented under this Part, the Court may take such measures, including measures related to the protection of information, as may be necessary to ensure the safety or physical or psychological well-being of any victims, potential witnesses and their families. The Court may request that any information that is made available under this Part shall be provided and handled in a manner that protects the safety and physical or psychological well-being of any victims, potential witnesses and their families.
(a) The Court may invite any State not party to this Statute to provide assistance under this Part on the basis of an ad hoc arrangement, an agreement with such State or any other appropriate basis.
(b) Where a State not party to this Statute, which has entered into an ad hoc arrangement or an agreement with the Court, fails to cooperate with requests pursuant to any such arrangement or agreement, the Court may so inform the Assembly of States Parties or, where the Security Council referred the matter to the Court, the Security Council.
6. The Court may ask any intergovernmental organization to provide information or documents. The Court may also ask for other forms of cooperation and assistance which may be agreed upon with such an organization and which are in accordance with its competence or mandate.
7. Where a State Party fails to comply with a request to cooperate by the Court contrary to the provisions of this Statute, thereby preventing the Court from exercising its functions and powers under this Statute, the Court may make a finding to that effect and refer the matter to the Assembly of States Parties or, where the Security Council referred the matter to the Court, to the Security Council.
States Parties shall ensure that there are procedures available under their national law for all of the forms of cooperation which are specified under this Part.
1. The Court may transmit a request for the arrest and surrender of a person, together with the material supporting the request outlined in article 91, to any State on the territory of which that person may be found and shall request the cooperation of that State in the arrest and surrender of such a person. States Parties shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Part and the procedure under their national law, comply with requests for arrest and surrender.
2. Where the person sought for surrender brings a challenge before a national court on the basis of the principle of ne bis in idem as provided in article 20, the requested State shall immediately consult with the Court to determine if there has been a relevant ruling on admissibility. If the case is admissible, the requested State shall proceed with the execution of the request. If an admissibility ruling is pending, the requested State may postpone the execution of the request for surrender of the person until the Court makes a determination on admissibility.
(a) A State Party shall authorize, in accordance with its national procedural law, transportation through its territory of a person being surrendered to the Court by another State, except where transit through that State would impede or delay the surrender.
(b) A request by the Court for transit shall be transmitted in accordance with article 87. The request for transit shall contain:
(i) A description of the person being transported;
(ii) A brief statement of the facts of the case and their legal characterization; and
(iii) The warrant for arrest and surrender;
(c) A person being transported shall be detained in custody during the period of transit;
(d) No authorization is required if the person is transported by air and no landing is scheduled on the territory of the transit State;
(e) If an unscheduled landing occurs on the territory of the transit State, that State may require a request for transit from the Court as provided for in subparagraph (b). The transit State shall detain the person being transported until the request for transit is received and the transit is effected, provided that detention for purposes of this subparagraph may not be extended beyond 96 hours from the unscheduled landing unless the request is received within that time.
4. If the person sought is being proceeded against or is serving a sentence in the requested State for a crime different from that for which surrender to the Court is sought, the requested State, after making its decision to grant the request, shall consult with the Court.
1. A State Party which receives a request from the Court for the surrender of a person under article 89 shall, if it also receives a request from any other State for the extradition of the same person for the same conduct which forms the basis of the crime for which the Court seeks the person's surrender, notify the Court and the requesting State of that fact.
2. Where the requesting State is a State Party, the requested State shall give priority to the request from the Court if:
(a) The Court has, pursuant to article 18 or 19, made a determination that the case in respect of which surrender is sought is admissible and that determination takes into account the investigation or prosecution conducted by the requesting State in respect of its request for extradition; or
(b) The Court makes the determination described in subparagraph (a) pursuant to the requested State's notification under paragraph 1.
3. Where a determination under paragraph 2 (a) has not been made, the requested State may, at its discretion, pending the determination of the Court under paragraph 2 (b), proceed to deal with the request for extradition from the requesting State but shall not extradite the person until the Court has determined that the case is inadmissible. The Court's determination shall be made on an expedited basis.
4. If the requesting State is a State not Party to this Statute the requested State, if it is not under an international obligation to extradite the person to the requesting State, shall give priority to the request for surrender from the Court, if the Court has determined that the case is admissible.
5. Where a case under paragraph 4 has not been determined to be admissible by the Court, the requested State may, at its discretion, proceed to deal with the request for extradition from the requesting State.
6. In cases where paragraph 4 applies except that the requested State is under an existing international obligation to extradite the person to the requesting State not Party to this Statute, the requested State shall determine whether to surrender the person to the Court or extradite the person to the requesting State. In making its decision, the requested State shall consider all the relevant factors, including but not limited to:
(a) The respective dates of the requests;
(b) The interests of the requesting State including, where relevant, whether the crime was committed in its territory and the nationality of the victims and of the person sought; and
(c) The possibility of subsequent surrender between the Court and the requesting State.
7. Where a State Party which receives a request from the Court for the surrender of a person also receives a request from any State for the extradition of the same person for conduct other than that which constitutes the crime for which the Court seeks the person's surrender:
(a) The requested State shall, if it is not under an existing international obligation to extradite the person to the requesting State, give priority to the request from the Court;
(b) The requested State shall, if it is under an existing international obligation to extradite the person to the requesting State, determine whether to surrender the person to the Court or to extradite the person to the requesting State. In making its decision, the requested State shall consider all the relevant factors, including but not limited to those set out in paragraph 6, but shall give special consideration to the relative nature and gravity of the conduct in question.
Where pursuant to a notification under this article, the Court has determined a case to be inadmissible, and subsequently extradition to the requesting State is refused, the requested State shall notify the Court of this decision.
1. A request for arrest and surrender shall be made in writing. In urgent cases, a request may be made by any medium capable of delivering a written record, provided that the request shall be confirmed through the channel provided for in article 87, paragraph 1 (a).
2. In the case of a request for the arrest and surrender of a person for whom a warrant of arrest has been issued by the Pre-Trial Chamber under article 58, the request shall contain or be supported by:
(a) Information describing the person sought, sufficient to identify the person, and information as to that person's probable location;
(b) A copy of the warrant of arrest; and
(c) Such documents, statements or information as may be necessary to meet the requirements for the surrender process in the requested State, except that those requirements should not be more burdensome than those applicable to requests for extradition pursuant to treaties or arrangements between the requested State and other States and should, if possible, be less burdensome, taking into account the distinct nature of the Court.
3. In the case of a request for the arrest and surrender of a person already convicted, the request shall contain or be supported by:
(a) A copy of any warrant of arrest for that person;
(b) A copy of the judgement of conviction;
(c) Information to demonstrate that the person sought is the one referred to in the judgement of conviction; and
(d) If the person sought has been sentenced, a copy of the sentence imposed and, in the case of a sentence for imprisonment, a statement of any time already served and the time remaining to be served.
4. Upon the request of the Court, a State Party shall consult with the Court, either generally or with respect to a specific matter, regarding any requirements under its national law that may apply under paragraph 2 (c). During the consultations, the State Party shall advise the Court of the specific requirements of its national law.
1. In urgent cases, the Court may request the provisional arrest of the person sought, pending presentation of the request for surrender and the documents supporting the request as specified in article 91.
2. The request for provisional arrest shall be made by any medium capable of delivering a written record and shall contain:
(a) Information describing the person sought, sufficient to identify the person, and information as to that person's probable location;
(b) A concise statement of the crimes for which the person's arrest is sought and of the facts which are alleged to constitute those crimes, including, where possible, the date and location of the crime;
(c) A statement of the existence of a warrant of arrest or a judgement of conviction against the person sought; and
(d) A statement that a request for surrender of the person sought will follow.
3. A person who is provisionally arrested may be released from custody if the requested State has not received the request for surrender and the documents supporting the request as specified in article 91 within the time limits specified in the Rules of Procedure and Evidence. However, the person may consent to surrender before the expiration of this period if permitted by the law of the requested State. In such a case, the requested State shall proceed to surrender the person to the Court as soon as possible.
4. The fact that the person sought has been released from custody pursuant to paragraph 3 shall not prejudice the subsequent arrest and surrender of that person if the request for surrender and the documents supporting the request are delivered at a later date.